Steps free essay sample

â€Å"As I avoid the stones on the movement beaten way, I let my means fall substantial and my pack settle back. I am pushing ahead yet moving indiscriminately no different. Psyche clear, my consideration meanders as my feet fall into a mood: step, step, trailed by another step† Excerpt from diary The late spring of my sophomore year, I applied to go to an authority course called Outward Bound. Confined in the wild with ten different children from around New Jersey, we climbed the Appalachian Mountains and paddled the Delaware River. Before the finish of the primary day, I had just sunk somewhere within myself all things considered, I had applied for the course for my own advantage, not to make companions. With just four miles behind us, two of the others had just separated in tears. I was disappointed, tired, and hungry: a blend that executed any piece of the receptive outlook I had left. We will compose a custom paper test on Steps or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the next days, I encountered a difference in heart. Out there, away from all interruptions, our solitary type of amusement was discussion. We talked essentially. â€Å"What’s your most loved T.V. appear? What’s your old neighborhood like?† Gradually, I understood that they were simply typical children: kids who conveyed a similar burden on their shoulders, whose endeavors to sing like Chris Brown were similarly as unfortunate as mine, and who partook in my undying energy for That ‘70s Show. They were interesting, unconstrained, and truly kind. I ended up sharing my privileged insights, fears, qualities with complete outsiders; yet, peculiarly, I felt happy with trusting in them. I could talk and they would tune in, similarly as I had for them. I brought down the cushion that I had developed throughout the years my notoriety, my sense of self. I was totally helpless, however on the other hand so were they. We as a whole smelled, we as a whole looked horrendous, we as a whole persevered. I was a piece of a family. We canvassed 105 miles in twelve days an astonishing accomplishment yet the hardest part was still to come. They sent us separately out into the forested areas, alone totally secluded for 48 hours. Drenched in nature, deprived all things considered, left uniquely with musings of loved ones; it was a period for memory, a chance to go up against myself: â€Å"Caught amidst a deafening tempest , The dead branches are torn down, another animal is conceived. Conceived from the cinders of restoration and fire, the evil spirit is esteemed a wicked liar. One face of honesty, the other of wrongdoing; the last is held however hidden from inside. What's more, in this tempest this mystery is just incited, the fire of his creation over and again fed. Ascending in feelings of rage and anger, the questionable evil presence shakes his pen. Be that as it may, the tempest of isolation destroys him; and at long last reestablishes him to have one face and heart.† Excerpt from diary Outward Bound constrained me to understand that life is comprised of steps both of all shapes and sizes. I figured out how to welcome the magnificence around me, the ground underneath my feet, and the individuals that can perpetually transform me. Some of the time there is a set way, an essential excursion you should take. Be that as it may, one should at last veer from the most common way to go and learn for himself, at the same time following his own feet.

Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

The board bookkeeping - Essay Example It might be noticed that the money related device of proportion investigation has been utilized to offer remarks and correlations between the two organizations over their monetary position and execution. During 2007 Intercontinental has not viably enhanced its benefit exhibitions in 2006. Actually it has kept up pretty much a similar degree of gainfulness as was in 2006.The increments in productivity proportions in net benefit and profit for value are beguiling. ROE has expanded manifolds since capital utilized has been decreased hugely from $686m to minor $49m. In any case net benefit proportion that shows the genuine usable productivity of the element has dwindled and stayed at nearly a similar level. Increment consequently on capital utilized is minor. The general productivity on operational gainfulness has not improved. The benefit execution of Peel Hotels in 2007 has likewise gone down when contrasted and 2006. Net benefits and ROCE that show operational productivity has indicated declined exhibitions. On the hand ROE, return on resources, net benefit proportions that are influenced by factors other than activity exhibitions have demonstrated expanded exhibitions. The outcome is that organization has not enhanced its genuine benefit yet demonstrated productivity just to draw in speculators and other intrigued clients of budget summaries. The two organizations are confronting liquidity mash as reflected from their present and brisk proportions. The two proportions are settle for what is most convenient option required to keep up ideal degree of liquidity. The liquidity status is basic in both the years for every one of the organizations. The organizations need to find a way to improve liquidity; in any case the two organizations are confronting the risk of transient indebtedness. Intercontinental has low stock turnover yet it in any event has kept up a similar exhibition in 2007 as was in 2006. The organization has demonstrated improvement in assortment of borrowers yet

Terrorist Attacks Causes and Effects

Psychological militant Attacks Causes and Effects Presentation As of late, psychological militant assaults have expanded immensely. As per Paul Wilkinson in his book â€Å"Terrorism Versus Democracy: The Liberal State Response† (2011), psychological oppression despite everything stays a major issue for the global network; during the years 2006 to 2009 over 60% of the nations on the planet experienced fear monger assaults. Characterizing fear mongering has been a scary assignment to do, more than several definitions were made over various scholastic fields, and still there has been no advancement in giving a universally acknowledged definition. Fear based oppression can be characterized as the risk or use of viciousness for political, strict or moral purposes that impact the perspectives and conduct of a specific gathering of individuals to achieve their targets (Rapoport and Alexander, eds.1982). This definition was created by David Rapoport and Yonah Alexander in their book â€Å"The Rationalization of Terrorism† which was distributed in the year 1982 as a basic meaning of fear based oppression. Consistently, fear mongering has been a profoundly intricate wonder that is continually changing, and that is influenced by numerous components, as the word itself is a wide theme which is related with a wide assortment of gatherings, and I accept this is the motivation behind why the universal network couldn't think of a consolidated definition. Wilkinson (2011) composes that a few people boycott the word fear based oppression and would prefer to call individuals who use psychological warfare as a weapon as â€Å"freedom fighters†, â€Å"holy warriors† or â€Å"revolutionaries†, contingent upon the reason they are battling for. In any event, as indicated by the Scholar Dr.Dipak Gupta, fear mongering is about difficult to characterize. In this writing survey, I will initially introduce a review of the current writing on the subject of reasons for fear based oppressor assaults, underlining the primary positions and wellsprings of difference. Expanding on this, I will at that point distinguish holes in the writing on the subject so as to perceive how my future research could have an additional worth. At long last, subsequent to narrowing down the point, I will introduce explicit research addresses that I accept would be productive to investigate further. Review of research by key researchers I mean to explore and investigate the root and trigger reasons for fear mongering, by giving a diagram of the fundamental writing on this subject, and dependent on this writing audit, an extensive rundown of solid variables is introduced to exhibit the reasons for psychological oppression. It is constantly a need to look for the causes and causality in each sociology, in view of the need to comprehend a specific marvel. Additionally, when we manage unfortunate events and occurrences, we for the most part look to comprehend the why and how inquiries so as to create suitable measures and factors. In this area, I will attempt to separate between main drivers and trigger causes, which as indicated by Martha Crenshaw (1981) underlying drivers (or preconditions) are the variables that happen as time goes on, and trigger causes (or precipitants) are factors that happen promptly in a particular occasion. Fear based oppression is an examination that has stretched out over a few fields includi ng political theory, human science, criminology, brain research and history, and what specialists have attempted to do is to fabricate our attention to additionally build up our comprehension of this marvels. Sadly, the main result of this mindfulness was to bring up a larger number of issues than to give answers. The main drivers of fear based oppression Despite the fact that investigations of this wonder have been occurring since the 1960’s, the quantity of distributions that straightforwardly talk about the main drivers or the preconditions are restricted. In his book â€Å"Terrorists, Victims and Society: Psychological Perspectives on Terrorism and its Consequences† (2003), Andrew Silke states that in spite of the fact that there have been various productions about fear based oppression, its exploration has not mirrored any upgrades in quality, and regardless of multiplication of scholarly examinations in the field, there have been no improvement or progress here. Andrew Silke (2001) likewise called attention to that in spite of the fact that there has been ongoing examination on psychological warfare, just 20% of the distributed articles give new information regarding the matter, while the remainder of the distributed articles are rehashing and adjusting old information. It is said that nations with middle of the road scope of political opportunity are typically more inclined to psychological oppression than nations that have significant levels of political opportunity (Alberto Abadie, 2004). Numerous geographic factors additionally influence and are imperative to suffer psychological oppressor exercises. As indicated by Abadie’s dataset on fear based oppressor hazard and assaults around the world, it has been assessed that political opportunity has a non-monotonic impact on psychological oppression. He thusly saw that there is an expansion in psychological warfare for nations experiencing significant change from tyrant systems to popular governments (Alberto Abadie, 2004:11). One of the most refered to distributions on the reasons for fear mongering is the article composed by Martha Crenshaw under the title of â€Å"The reasons for terrorism† (1981), featuring the troubles of discovering general clarifications for psychological oppression and recognizing various kinds of factors. Crenshaw recognizes and isolates the factors into 3 gatherings: vital, basic and mental, and she underscores that the principle thought of fear mongering is a creation of judicious political decision. As per Crenshaw, psychological oppression is the aftereffect of a choice made by an association to contradict an administration; it is viewed as a legitimate method to satisfy wants (Crenshaw, 1981: 385). In spite of the way that Crenshaw’s article offers a great deal of thoughts to additionally look into, and that her article was refered to by others, just scarcely any researchers have been tested to bring our fundamental comprehension of the reasons for psychological warfare to a further developed and more elevated level. Twelve years after Crenshaw’s article, Jeffrey Ian Ross composed another powerful article under the name: â€Å"Structural Causes of Oppositional Political Terrorism: Towards a Causal Model† (1993), he additionally recognized three factors that causes fear based oppression like the ones of Crenshaw, to be specific basic and mental causes, and sane decision. Another researcher, Dipak Gupta (2005), has attempted to comprehend and look into why individuals take part in fear based oppressor activities for the sake of gatherings that speak to a specific ethnicity, belief system, religion or patriotism. His contentions are fundamentally established in financial and socio-mental components of human inspirations, where he expresses that the connection between monetary variables and socio-political factors, for example, poverty†¦etc and fear based oppression is frail. Gupta likewise expresses that â€Å"political savagery happens when a pioneer offers voice to the dissatisfaction by planning an all around characterized social development of aggregate personality and paints in clear shading the picture of ‘us’ and ‘them’† (2005:19). This implies at the end of the day that the political, financial and strict disappointment are not the only one the makes that lead psychological oppression, there probably been m ain drivers that stay covered up until a trigger system is actuated, which at that point prompts flare-up of viciousness and fear monger assaults. We have seen that researchers have extended the examination on underlying drivers to psychological warfare, expanding on what Crenshaw has found, however yet not created any new methodologies towards fear based oppression, yet extended the components of financial causation and different variables, particularly Gupta. In the wake of giving an outline for a portion of the researchers about hypothetical methodologies, I will list here a portion of the solid underlying drivers of psychological oppression. The rundown that I am going to introduce isn't a comprehensive rundown of the underlying drivers, and isn't to speak to an exhaustive arrangement of the main drivers, however to distinguish the variety of causal variables that typically add to psychological warfare. The causes are gotten from the production by Randy Borum (2003) under the title Psychology of Terrorism. First reason could be that absence of majority rules system, rule of law and common freedoms are conditions for some types of residential fear based oppression. We in this manner distinguish that the most vote based states and social orders have the least degree of oppositional brutality. As Crenshaw states â€Å"Democracy and fear mongering are not total inverses: saying yes to majority rules system, tragically, doesn't mean saying no to terrorism† (Club de Madrid, 2005: 14) Second reason is fast modernization and urbanization as high monetary development has additionally been found to associate emphatically with the rise of ideological psychological oppression, however not with the ethno-patriot fear based oppression. A case of this reason given by Borum is the point at which a nation faces abrupt riches, for example from oil, and they experience changes from inborn to cutting edge social orders during one age or even less now and again (Borum, 2003:5). Third reason is authentic predecessors of political brutality, insurgencies, common wars, tyrannies or even occupation may bring down the edge for acknowledgment of political viciousness and psychological oppression and impede the improvement of peaceful standards among all the sections of the society.an case of this could be, when kids are raised in a general public that puts stock in and praises suffering, retribution and scorn of other ethnic gatherings, at that point it is probably going to build their eagerness to submit or bolster a fear based oppressor act when they grow up (Borum, 2003:5). Fourth reason is the suppression by remote occupation or by pilgrim controls; this has offered ascend to numerous national freedom developments that have sought after plan of action in psychological oppressor systems and other political methods (Borum, 2003:5). To wrap things up, the fifth reason is the experience of segregating individuals based on their ethnic birthplaces or strict foundations, is the main underlying driver of ethno-patriot psychological oppression. At the point when minority individuals are being denied from t

The Biggest Myth About Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Exposed Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Help! In its heart, the essay should be about you. Bear in mind you may make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. It's crucially important to completely engage yourself in the subject you will write. It isn't a must, but should you care about your topic, it's going to be resembled in your writing. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's vital to at all times be critically considering the world around us. An argumentative essay presents either side of a problem. It is a writing piece meant to persuade someone to think the way you do. In order to really convince readers of your viewpoint, it must also look at the opposing views. Definitions of Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit An argumentative essay is a sort of thesis or composition in which you have to present your view and try to convince others your facts and arguments are correct. An argumentative essay objective is to take one specific viewpoint out of the other viewpoints. The past couple of sentences ought to be extremely clear and have an enduring image on your audience. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some crucial components which make it better in the practice of convincing. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it's better to examine some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. Remember that the amount of your essay is dependent upon the assignment offered to you. You can also see concept essays. When you develop this kind of essay, you should make your claims by your composition so it will be open fordebate. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay which you're writing, it is essential to develop a clear thesis statement and an obvious sound reasoning. Before concluding the essay, it is crucial to summarise with a strong emphasis on the subject. The very first sentence of the essay has to be interesting enough to produce the reader read on. Then you need to endeavour to choose the right argumentative essay format. Before writing an argumentative essay, there's one important thing which you should know. The structure of your paper's outline is just like the structure of your whole essay. There are a few particular elements which are needed in an argumentative essay. Argumentative essay format is dependent on your professor's requirements, since there is not any common pattern for each essay. The Foolproof Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Strategy Your introductory paragraph needs to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. The present paper clarifies and proves an extremely general variant of the claim. The introduction involves an explanation of the matter, background info, and the author's position. Any excellent task finishes with a terrific conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion with an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. Get the Scoop on Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Befor e You're Too Late All you should have is a tiny curiosity besides that everything will get an intriguing game of knowledge. Pick something you are obsessed with. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to pick a topic that has more than one clear side. Without a very good evidence, nobody will believe my words. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. When you try to find controversial topics, you might be tempted to choose subjects that can be way too broad to discuss. The argumentative essay has a particular format that must be followed to blow the mind of the reader, and it's particularly helpful for students and the corporate when making strategic proposals. Writing an argumentative essay is a skill that anyone in school should know, even though it can be useful outside the classroom, too.

Intuition in A Jury of Her Peers Essay - 1189 Words

Intuition in A Jury of Her Peers Though men and women are now recognized as generally equal in talent and intelligence, when Susan Glaspell wrote A Jury of Her Peers in 1917, it was not so. In this turn-of-the-century, rural midwestern setting, women were often barely educated and possessed virtually no political or economic power. And, being the weaker sex, there was not much they could do about it. Relegated to home and hearth, women found themselves at the mercy of the more powerful men in their lives. Ironically, it is just this type of powerless existence, perhaps, that over the ages developed into a power with which women could baffle and frustrate their male counterparts: a sixth sense - an inborn trait†¦show more content†¦For while the men are looking actively for the smoking gun, the women are confronted with more subtle clues in spite of themselves and even try to hide from each other what they intuitively know. But they do not fool each other for long, as Glaspell describes, Their ey es met - something flashed to life, passed between them; then, as if with an effort, they seemed to pull away from each other (295). However, they cannot pull away, for they are bound by a power they do not even comprehend: We all go through the same things - its all just a different kind of the same thing!...why do you and I understand? Why do we know - what we know this minute? (303). They do not realize that it is intuition they share, that causes them to [see] into things, [to see] through a thing to something else.... (294). Though sympathetic to Minnie Wright, the women cannot deny the damning clues that lead them to the inescapable conclusion of her guilt. If it is ironic that the women find the clues, it is even more ironic that they find them in the mundane household items to which the men attribute so little significance. Nothing here but kitchen things, the men mistakenly think (287). Because of their weak intuition, they do not see the household as indicative of Johns and Minnies characters. They do not see beyond the cheerless home to John Wrights grim nature, nor do the dilapidated furnishings provideShow MoreRelatedSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers995 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Trifles,† in 1916, which portrayed how women’s lives were seen as less significant throughout American society. The following year, Glaspell wrote the short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† which was essentially a longer and more detailed version of â€Å"Trifles.† The stories are alike in many societal implications, since â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† was based off of â€Å"Trifles.† However, they also have some notable differences. The most striking distinction between the two stories would have to be the significanceRead More The Power Struggles in Jury of Her Peers and Mama Come Home Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power Struggles in Jury of Her Peers and Mama Come Home The issue of dominance and subordinance is addressed in the short stories â€Å"A Jury of her Peers† by Susan Glaspell and â€Å"Mama Come Home† by James Tiptree, Jr. In the stories the subordinates are harmed by the dominants, but the subordinates overcome the suppression to triumph in the end. The groups with the power control the laws and the positions of the weaker group. To begin with, â€Å"A Jury of her Peers† is about the way womenRead MoreIrony, By Susan Glaspell s `` A Jury Of Her Peers ``1484 Words   |  6 Pagestrue and what the readers know to be true. Many writers use irony in their short stories to prove a dramatic point, or just to develop a story for upcoming use. These short stories by Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† (140), Susan Glaspell’s â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† (183), and Stephen Crane’s â€Å"The Blue Hotel† (229), spin a tale of symbolic irony. Each tell a tale paradoxical twists with sublime contradiction where one is led to believe one side of an event, yet it is dragged down a twisted trail of mentalRead MoreSympathy For A By Mrs Hale And Mrs. Hale874 Words   |  4 Pagesunconcerned with matters of importance by men, a woman’s compassion and intuition can hold incredible power. â€Å"In a Jury of Her Peers†, Minnie Wright is judged by her peers, and by th eir knowledge of her prior life, her current circumstances, and forced destitution, she is found innocent. In the story, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters accompany their husbands to the Wright home in a quest to find evidence implicating Minnie Wright in the murder of her husband. From the moment they enter the home, Mrs. Hale is sympatheticRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for O B 15 Responding to Economic PressuresRead MoreMarketing Research and Information Systems47836 Words   |  192 Pagesthe decision-maker s problem into a research problem and study design. Clear, concise, attainable, measurable and quantifiable objectives Suppose that the marketing manager states that he needs to know the potential market for a new product his/her organisation has been developing. 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Although later research has created controversy over many of the following principles, they are still widely used in management theories. Division of work: Division of work and specialization produces more and better work with the same effort. Authority and responsibility: Authority is the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience. A manager has official authority because of her position, as well as personal authorityRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesCreating More Effective Performance Management Systems 247 Use Behavior-Based Measures 248 Combine Absolute and Relative Standards 248 DID YOU KNOW?: The â€Å"Anywhere† Performance Appraisal 248 Provide Ongoing Feedback 249 Use Multiple Raters 249 Use Peer Evaluations 249 360-Degree Appraisals 250 xii Contents Compensation Surveys 270 Wage Curves 270 The Wage Structure 271 WORKPLACE ISSUES: Team Performance Appraisals 250 Rate Selectively 251 Train Appraisers 251 The Performance AppraisalRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagescompete with the burgeoning and often aggressive information industry, and this will require flexibility and adaptability to change. Try This! Think a bit about a job you held in the past or have now. First, consider your supervisor and his or her general behavior, managerial style, and attitude. Then think about your fellow employees and your perception of their competence and of their attitudes toward their work, the organization, and you. Finally, reflect upon the organization itself and its

How Prohibition Affected Russia s Financial Crisis During...

Ketevan Kemoklidze Mr. Hermansen English Composition 06/01/2016 How Prohibition affected Russia’s Financial Fiasco During Russian Revolution? Amid Russian Revolution years there is the chance to watch the Russian economy experiencing a few basic moves, including a portion of the most exceedingly bad things that can happen to a nation. There was war and civil war. The economy endured monetary breaking down, separation, and starvation. There was a breakdown of state limit: government prohibited Vodka. Liquor abuse and inebriation issue showed up in the harvest time of 1907 amid the Third State Duma. M.D. Chleysev, an individual from the Octobrists, was the primary pusher of attempting to control the offer of vodka in the nation. As indicated by Hutchinson, author of Science, Politics, and the Alcohol Problem in Post-1905 Russia, his purpose behind joining the Octobrists was on the grounds that they were numerically prevalent. His answer for the issue was significantly more radical than any of the gatherings in the Duma were willing to go. Chelysev needed the Duma to declare alcohol a poison, to ban its manufacture...order the Ministry of Finance to compensate all those who had suffered from its effects. (Hutchinson 243). This would put an extreme pleat in the tsar s pocket since it would kill around third of the nation s salary, further it would need to remunerate individuals who had experienced its effects. The opposite side of the contention originated from a gatheringShow MoreRelatedAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 Pagesthink English colonists learned from their early Jamestown experience? Focus on matters of fulfilling expectations, financial support, leadership skills, and relations with the Indians. What specific developments illustrate that the English living in the plantation colonies tried to apply these lessons? (25 pts) 2. Compare and contrast the ways in which tobacco and sugar affected the social and economic development of colonial America (10pts) Chapter 3 Study Guide â€Å"Settling the Northern Colonies† Read MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesTopic Four – World War I TOPIC ONE – USA 1919-1941 USA 1920’S * the radio age * felt like istory had turned a corner and never going back * stock market * black Thursday November 24 1929 * the jazz age * a speakeasyyyyyyy How significant were the Republican policies in causing the great depression? The significance of the republic policies were great, they brought a lot of growth in the 20’s allowing the market to strive over lots of trading and the purchaseRead MorePest Analysis of an Educational Institution19905 Words   |  80 Pageshttp://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-macro-balance-of-payments.html - Accessed 14 March 2013 Elliot amp; Elliot. (2004), Financial Accounting and Reporting (8th Edition), FT/Prentice Hall. Lewis, R. amp; Pendrill. D. (2004), â€Å"Advanced Financial Accounting† (7th Edition), FT/Prentice Hall. Britton amp; Jorissen. (2003), â€Å"International Financial Reporting and Analysis† Thomson Task 4 Tisdale M.A. (N.D.) WiseGeek: â€Å"What is a Trade Surplus† [Online] available on http://wwwRead MoreWireless Technology Essay16392 Words   |  66 Pagesto start your car while you are getting ready. This is just one of the many things that we might take for granted that wireless technology has provided for us in the world today. Wireless technology is a technology that has changed the world and how it operates. Wireless technology is the ability to communicate between devices without wires. Wireless technology is found in many devices ranging from cell phones, computers, GPS units and house alarms. Through the advancements in our technologyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Data Collection Harvesting Personalities Online

Question: Discuss about the Data Collection for Harvesting Personalities Online. Answer: Introduction: This paper is a review of the case-study by the same title (Raicu, 2016). A political candidate in America hired the services of a private company to help classify registered voters above and beyond the static demographics. The statistics included a personality analysis of the individual, to help the candidates better target (micro-target) specialised advertisements to people, both online and offline (Talbot, 2016) totalling 5,000 data points per person ("About Us", 2017). The company understandably keeps the techniques and the exhaustive list of the data providers confidential. They distilled individuals and all of their idiosyncrasies into one of conscientious, neurotic, or agreeable. Interestingly, the candidate had three different advertisement campaigns (an architect, a soldier, and a family man) each appealing to the three mentioned personality types, complete with the matching subliminal messages. These suggestions hold importance not only in advertising but also politics (Her skovits, 2010) ("Subliminals in Politics", n.d.). This paper focuses on the ethical concerns on how the company 'harvested' the people's personality. Specifically, this report will ask if the harvesting method is ethical, should the people taking the questionnaire have been advised explicitly, and is extrapolating the classification to individuals who did not take the survey moral? This paper uses four classical ethical theories - Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics and Contractarianism for evaluation. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a version of Consequentialism, and the latter identifies the end-result as the sole criteria for judging an action. Utilitarianism stands for the greater good. Thus, the action has to be considered with its good consequences, and deduct the negative impact and see how many entities will or have received the benefit. It has its roots in the 19th in helping legislators judge which laws were morally the best ("Thinking Ethically", 2017). In the context of Utilitarianism, was the company's method of harvesting ethical? This method of harvesting using data from unsuspecting individuals hugely benefited the company for sure with no harm to the enterprise. There was no harm to people, but no advantage either. Thus, this method had enormous benefits but for a smaller number of individuals, but no harm to others. Thus, this is ethical. Next, should the people have been informed explicitly about the company's intent to use their responses to profile them? If the individual was informed, there are good chances that the responses may have been different (Craighead Nemeroff, 2001), or they may not have taken up the questionnaire at all. Not informing them resulted in significant gains for the company and marginal gains to the individual in his satisfaction of exploration of his personality. Informing them would have led to likewise losses to both. Thus, this is ethical. Finally, was the company ethical in extrapolating the da ta? Not extrapolating the data would have resulted in a loss to the enterprise by lowering the quality and quantity of data. Not extrapolating would have led to no gains or loss to the people. Thus, this extrapolation is ethical. Deontology Deontology is concerned with duty. This school of thought assigns intrinsic values to actions and these values are be-all and end-all. The consequences, circumstances, motivations, internal or external pressure, and other such things do not matter. The two pillars of this theory are categorical (absolute) and imperative (duty to perform) (University, 2013). In the context of Deontology, was the company's method of harvesting ethical? In and of itself, when a user is filling up the questionnaire, their transaction is limited to honestly answering the questions asked to the best of their ability and the company's duty is to process these responses, inform the individual of his appraisal and be done with the data. However, the business went sideways from its duty. Thus, this is ethically immoral. Next, should the people have been informed explicitly about the company's intent to use their responses to profile them? The duty of a service provider (and the user too) is to tell upfront of any and all intentions of their interaction. The company failed in its duty by willfully misrepresenting its intentions. Thus, this was not ethical. Finally, was the company ethical in extrapolating the data? The company had some data at its disposal and extrapolated it for people who had not participated in its questionnaires. Any organisation (commercial o r government) is stepping outside its bounds when it tries to profile an individual without his express permission, and the company did that. Thus, this is unethical. Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics encompass a way of living which results in the right thing, at the right time, in the right amount, with the right person. This right is not the same as moderation, though moderation is a part of it. The right way is effortless (Athanassoulis, n.d.). As an illustration, it is okay to gorge sometimes, and it is fine to fast sometimes. However, unlike the other schools of thought considered, Virtue ethics do not codify a set a categorical imperative or consider the utility of an action as everything. Virtue ethics aim to achieve a deep happiness for self and others (eudaimonia) and leave the application to the individual. It consists of qualities like Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence ("Thinking Ethically", 2017). In the context of Virtue Ethics, was the company's method of harvesting ethical? This method of harvesting using data from unsuspecting individuals which rates low on honesty and fidelity. This technique was also unfair to the people who thought they were merely participating in a fun personality test. Thus, this is immoral. Next, should the people have been informed explicitly about the company's intent to use their responses to profile them? No matter the consequences for the company, by not updating the participants explicitly about its scheme to use the data (gathered on the pretext of a simple personality test), the enterprise failed in honesty and integrity. Actions like these do not lead to welfare of all. Thus, this is unethical. Finally, was the company ethical in extrapolating the data? The company used some data to estimate the tendencies of some other people, and those other people were not made aware of this. This action is somewhere in the middle of absolute honesty and absolute dishonesty. Such extrapolation's data may have helped the company provide better services to the client, which may have assisted in improving the world, even if in a small way. Thus, this extrapolation is ethical. Contractarianism In the contract school of thought, there is no morality per se ("Contractarianism: Crash Course Philosophy #37", 2016), but it emerges as a necessity whenever free, rational and self-interested entities come together. The people (being rational) realise that there are more gains in cooperating rather than not working together and thus morality appears. This arrangement does away with the constant threat in exchange for the endless opportunity (e.g. if I can steal from your plate, then you too can take from my plate). When someone defects and takes away more than their fair share, and the morality is all-around to encourage the contract's upholding by all parties concerned. In the context of Contractarianism, was the company's method of harvesting ethical? The agreement between the user and the website was to provide a questionnaire for personality assessment. By underhandedly using this information for some other purpose, the enterprise failed in keeping its end of the bargain. Thus, this is immoral. Next, should the people have been informed explicitly about the company's intent to use their responses to profile them? The company provides a (vague) privacy policy which, among other things, includes this sort of use. The user, by continuing to use the website agrees to the privacy policy. So, the company did not break any contract by using the data collected for political purposes. Thus, this is ethical. Finally, was the company ethical in extrapolating the data? The company used some data to estimate the tendencies of some other people. Those other people were not made aware of this and thus did not make any contract i.e. this agreement with the indiv idual who did not take part in the questionnaire was not free (as in speech), and the company failed on it. Thus, this extrapolation is not ethical. Conclusion This paper looked into three specific questions in the action of a private company collecting user personality data under the guise of a character appraisal from the point-of-view of four classical ethics theories. As per the context, the questions came out ethical or unethical, as the foundations of the theory coloured the action. All in all, not being explicit about the intended use of the data and underhandedly collecting the data seems to be unethical by the most schools of thought. The ethics theories were divided on whether the extrapolation on unsuspecting registered voters was ethical or not. References About Us. (2017). Cambridge Analytica. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://cambridgeanalytica.org/about Athanassoulis, N. Virtue Ethics | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Iep.utm.edu. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.iep.utm.edu/virtue/ Contractarianism: Crash Course Philosophy #37. (2016). YouTube. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Co6pNvd9mc Craighead, W. Nemeroff, C. (2001). The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (1st ed., p. 668). New York: Wiley. Craighead, W. Nemeroff, C. (2001). The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science (1st ed., p. 668). New York: Wiley. Herskovits, A. (2010). Subliminal Messages in Politics. Political Persuasion. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://ahersko.wordpress.com/2010/11/20/subliminal-messages-in-politics/ Raicu, I. (2016). Data Collection: Harvesting Personalities Online. Santa Clara University. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/internet-ethics/resources/data-collection-harvesting-personalities-online/ Subliminals in Politics. Subliminalmanipulation.blogspot.in. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://subliminalmanipulation.blogspot.in/2010/09/sex-in-politics-word-sex-is-frequently.html Talbot, D. (2016). Political campaigns now guess your personality type before showing you customised ads. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601214/how-political-candidates-know-if-youre-neurotic/ Thinking Ethically. (2017). Santa Clara University. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/thinking-ethically/ University, B. (2013). What is Deontology?. YouTube. Retrieved 6 January 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bMpwxhL8Sw

Animal Farm Quotes Essay Example

Animal Farm Quotes Essay Most importantly politics have appeared to the citizens views as controlling, within teachings of lies, repress notations of past events, and general falseness of what was, misguide the general public attitude sees towards society Oddly enough, a group of talking pigs and human civilizations share a striking semblance in politics, despite their physical differences. A citizens development of attitude is guided much by what their culture tells t hem sis social norm. In any case anything we know was taught to us by someone or s meeting that has had an influence on the way we believe on the subject. In The Destruction Of Cultures it is simply stated that, The destruction of culture Takes control of the two most important mediums that transmit information to the nation the media and the schools. Without a proper aspect of what is truth or the capability of figuring out what is bias the animal had no choice but to remain silent towards their oppressor who governed their politics. The me did and schools, talked about by Hedges, is Squeaker, a messenger pig who is the animal of De cite. Each time he convinces animals rules in which were twisted, such as to as why the rules h ad changed for sleeping in the explaining who were the brains of the farm, should have a quo diet place to work 2 in. It was also more suited to the dignity of the Leader, despite animal rime numbering this was a rule prior to what they shouldnt do. The windmill, a representation of what their labor efforts and long hours were all towards, was a device used to the the farm animals, to glorify the statss unify arm and unwavering call for clarifications and syllabification, described by hedges. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Farm Quotes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Farm Quotes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Farm Quotes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer B y building a monument that was created by Syllabification and the will power of free a animals, it illiterate the point that this work was of freedom, not slavery. Even if the ann. malls worked like slaves their efforts towards the windmill were satisfactory because it was for the benefit of themselves. This windmill was constant reminder to the animals this was thee r effort going awards their cause, and that in those days they had been slaves and now the eye were free, which Was justifiable to the animals because most could not tell the difference. The animals of the farm were swayed by their own monument of their leader without realizing it was j just as before, because, once the folly of war is over, folly itself often remains. Politics have a way of capturing societies, cultures, worlds and individual to be persuaded by their actions and attitudes to display something that pleases its politics did as. It did not take long for a pig who believed, That in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. to have its offs ring then resembles human, and there vices. The politics of pigs in charge were able to maintain the e control of animals with their freedom from slavery and their altering of information to the ears of its citizens. It seems as if the hand that causes man evil in Animal Farm is the p allots that govern our societies today. 3 Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the lass t atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or lei sure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and Slav ere: that is the plain truth. But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this Ian d of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No, comma des, a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile, its climate IS good, it is capable of afford ding food in abundance to an enormously greater number Of animals than now inhabit it. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep ; an d all of them living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining. W why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce e of our labor is stolen from us by human beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our pr bobbles. It is summed up in a single word ; Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. Re move Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing pig 2 And remember also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to Reese blew him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices All animals are equal pig These three had elaborated old Majors teachings into a complete system of t Hough, to which they gave the name of Minimalism 6 he past three months the pigs had succeeded in reducing the principles of Ann. mails to Seven Commandments. THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2 . Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal. Pig 4 . The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others. With t heir superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership. ID t now he seemed more like three horses than one; there were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty shoulders 11 The attempt to tame the wild creatures, for instance, broke down almost MIM ideally. They continued to behave very much as before, and when treated with generosity, simply took advantage of it 13 The mystery Of where the milk went to was soon cleared up. It was mixed eve ray day into the pigs mash. 14 Comrades! he cried. You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this n a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apple s (this has been roved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the wellbeing of a pig. We pigs are brainteasers. The whole management and organization of the is farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that t we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed n our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! Surely, comrades, cried Squealer almost pleadingly, skipping from side to side and whisking his tail, surely there e is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back? 14 Loyalty and obedience are more important. And as to the Battle of the Cows De, I believe the time will come when we shall find that Snowballs part in it was much gagger dated. Discipline, comrades, iron discipline! 21 That evening Squealer explained privately to the other animals that Napoleon had never in reality been opposed to the windmill. On the contrary, it was he who had DVD coated it in the beginning, and the plan which Snowball had drawn on the floor of the incubate or shed had actually been stolen from among Napoleons papers. The windmill was, in fact , Napoleons own creation. Why, then, asked somebody, had he spoken so strongly against it? Here Squealer looked very sly. That, he said, was Comrade Napoleons cunning. He had seemed to oppose the windmill, simply as a maneuver to get rid of Snowball, who WA s a dangerous character and a bad influence. 22 From now onwards Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbor g farms: not, of course, for any commercial purpose, but simply in order to obtain certain mat aerials which were urgently necessary. The needs of the windmill must override everything else 25 It was about this time that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and t k up their residence there. Again the animals seemed to remember that a resolution gag insist this had been passed in the early days, and again Squealer was able to convince them that this was 5 not the case. It was absolutely necessary, he said, that the pigs, who were the brains Of the farm, should have a quiet place to work in. It was also more suited to the digging itty of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of Leader) to live inn house than in a mere sty. Nevertheless, some of the animals were disturbed when t hey heard that he pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawings a s a recreation room, but also slept in the beds 26 It says, No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets, she announced finally. Cue rigorously enough, Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mention Ned sheets; but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so. And Squealer, who happen d to be passing at this moment, attended by two or three dogs, was able to put the whole ma utter in its proper perspective 27 but it was cruel work, and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as the eye had felt before. They were always cold, and usually hungry as well. Only Boxer and Cool ever never lost heart. Squealer made excellent speeches on the joy of service and the dignity of labor, but the other animals found more inspiration in Boxers strength and his universal inning cry of l will work harder! In January food fell short. The corn ration was drastically reduce d, and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it. The n it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the cal MSP, which had not been covered thickly enough. The potatoes had become soft and disclose red, and only a fewer edible. For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff a ND mangles. Starvation s eemed to stare them in the face 28 When the hens heard this, they raised a terrible outcry. They had been Warner d earlier that this sacrifice might be necessary, but had not believed that it would really hap pen. They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring sitting and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder. For the first time since the expulsion of Jones, there w as something resembling a rebellion. Led by three young Black Minor pullets, the hens m dad a determined effort to thwart Napoleons wishes. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and there lay their eggs, which smashed to pieces on the floor. Napoleon acted SW fitly and ruthlessly. He ordered the hens rations to be stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by death. The dogs saw t o it that these orders were carried out. For five days the hens held out, then they capitulated and went back to their nesting boxes. Nine hens had died in the meantime. Their bodies were e buried in the orchard, and it was given out that they had died of acidosis. Whimper hear d nothing of this affair, and the eggs Were duly delivered, a grocers Van driving up to the farm once a week to take them 30 Suddenly, early in the spring, an alarming thing was discovered. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night! 30 6 Comrades! cried Squealer, making little nervous skips, a most terrible thing h as been discovered. Snowball has sold himself to Frederick Of Pinched Farm, who is even now plotting to attack us and take our farm away from us! Snowball is to act as his guide when the attack begins. But there is worse than that. We had thought that Snowballs re billion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition. But we were wrong, comrades. Do you know what the real reason was? Snowball was in league with Jones from the very start! H e was Joneses secret agent all the time 31 Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed another animal 33 If she herself had had any picture Of the future, it had been Of a society Of ann. malls set free from hunger and the whip, all equal, each working according to his capacity, t e strong protecting the weak, as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with he r foreleg on the night of Majors speech. 34 Ifs no longer needed, comrade, said Squealer stiffly. Beasts of England was t he song of the Rebellion. But the Rebellion is now completed. The execution of the traitors the is afternoon was the final act. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. In Beasts of England we expressed our longing for a better society in days to come. But the at society has now been established. Clearly this song has no longer any purpose. 34 A few days later, when the terror caused by the executions had died down, so me of the animals remembered ; or thought they remembered ; that the Sixth Com amendment decreed No animal shall kill any other animal. And though no one cared to m mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs, it was felt that the killings which had taken plan CE did not square with this. Clover asked Benjamin to read her the Sixth Commandment, and when Benjamin, as usual, said that he refused to meddle in such matters, she fetch De Muriel. Muriel read the Commandment for her. It ran: No animal shall kill any other animal thou cause. Somehow or Other, the last two words h ad slipped out Of the animals memory y. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was go d reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball. 35 All relations with Boxwood had been broken off; insulting messages had been sent to Piloting. The pigeons had been told to avoid Pinched Farm and to alter the Eire slogan from Death to Frederick to Death to Piloting. At the same time Napoleon assure d the animals that the stories of an impending attack on Animal Farm were completely unit e, and that the tales about Fredericks cruelty to his own animals had been greatly exaggerate De. All these rumors had probably originated with Snowball and his agents. It now appear De that Snowball was not, after all, hiding on Pinched Farm, and in fact had never been there in his life: he was living ; in considerable luxury, so it was said ; at Boxwood, and had in r laity been a pensioner of Piloting for years past. 38 About this time there occurred a strange incident which hardly anyone was a blew to understand. One night at about twelve oclock there was a loud crash in the y rd, and the 7 animals rushed out of their stalls. It was a moonlit night. At the foot of the en d wall of the big barn, where the Seven Commandments were written, there lay a ladder brook en in two pieces. Squealer, temporarily stunned, was sprawling beside it, and near at hand there e lay a lantern, a paintbrush, and an overturned pot of white paint. The dogs immediately ma De a ring round Squealer, and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to walk. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant, except old Benjamin, who nodded his guzzle with a knowing air, and seemed to understand, but would say nothing . But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments to herself, noticed that t here was yet another of them which the animals had 42 Meanwhile life was hard. The winter was as cold as the last one had been, and food was even shorter. Once again all rations were reduced, except those of the pigs and the dogs.

Development of Temperament in Children essays

Development of Temperament in Children essays Development of Temperament in Children Temperament varies from child to child. It is also evident early during infancy. I know this is true, because I have friends that have babies and each child is different, one sleeps all crazy hours, the other has a routine day that she sticks to, one cries and is angry all the time and hates any sort of change while the other is quite peaceful where ever she is. These babies couldnt be anymore different. What I find interesting is how will there temperament now change as they grow and experience more in their lives. With this case in point, temperament is an essential aspect in raising a child; you must look at your child and really examine them to determine the best child rearing practices for them. There are different factors that make up temperament, measuring temperament and stabilizing temperament. Temperament is made up of the stable individual differences in quality and intensity of emotional reaction, activity level, attention and emotional self regulation. (Rothgart This spawned the New York Longitudinal Study, started by Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess; it is the longest and most comprehensive study of temperament in children to this day. They study a total of 141 children; these kids were then studied from early infancy through their adolescence and into adulthood. There f...

Why Do Mary Tudors Actions Reflect Self-Preservation in Light of Her Essay

Why Do Mary Tudors Actions Reflect Self-Preservation in Light of Her Political and Religious Decisions - Essay Example Ann Boleyn previously painted as the innocent victim of circumstances is not such. For instance, Anne Whitelock in her book Mary Tudor: England's First Queen describes Anne Boleyn as a conniving woman hiding under the facade of innocence. Boleyn was afraid of Mary’s influence on her father and spied on them during visits. Whitelock further revokes her innocence when she declares her standing on the Spaniards, wishing all the Spaniards drowned (46). This made boldly to a relative of Spaniards was extreme. Mary’s mother died a painful death caused not only by disease but also heartache. The death of Katharine is somewhat a mystery as doctors said she succumbed to slow poisoning. King Henry is aware that his marriage to Anne may lead to war between England and Spain and this further instigated the rebellious actions of Mary; she refused to renounce her title as princess. However, at her tender age, her rage is insurmountable and her rebellious actions, though futile, may r eflect her desire to preserve her dignity in the face of the hurtful changes. It is not clear whether Mary viewed her mother’s death with suspicion, or she was aware of Boleyn’s spying activities. She was, however, a suspicious person herself and highly intuitive in regard to danger (Whitelock 64). She suspects, for instance, that there is a plot against her at the time of Edwards’s death. In reviving the heresy laws, Mary managed to persecute close to 300 protestants by burning them in public (Wagner 743), hence the name Bloody Mary. Most historians see these actions as a way of conforming to religious beliefs and, in turn, imposing them on the people. While the Pope rejected the annulment of her parent’s marriage, Archbishop Thomas Crammer agreed to nullify this marriage. The contradictory state of his decision is apparent. For instance, it is clear that the King Henry VIII was in favor of the protestant religion (Wagner 731). The bishop might have gran ted the annulment to perpetuate this favor.  

Sports in Popular Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports in Popular Culture - Research Paper Example From warring tribes to states, humans have always been placed in a situation where we are forced to compete. Sports have been increasingly organized and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialization has brought increased leisure time to the citizens of developed and developing countries, leading to more time for citizens to attend and follow spectator sports, greater participation in athletic activities, and increased accessibility. The creation of sports activities is merely a means of allowing individuals to externalize their need for competition. This paper focuses on the competition, the social impact, and the economic value that sports have on society. Competition is at the very core of humanity. This is visible at various levels of the individual life style. Capitalism as an economic structure identifies the fact that resources are finite, and individuals must compete to accumulate as much as possible. While history has shown that other ideas on how the economy should function exist, the market place of ideas crowned capitalism the king. Beyond the economic infrastructure is the educational system. Students strive to be at the top of their class which is indicative of how competition penetrated the educational system. Competition seems to creative an incentive to become perfect. In terms of sports, individuals who compete on sports teams strive to perfect their skills in attempts to be the league leaders. Fans recognize this and rally behind individuals and teams that perform close to perfection. Fans seem to disassociate their identities from their normative lives and self identify with the team that they represent. Whether because of their hometown loyalty or because of a player, fans involve themselves in the competition and immediate choose sides. The ability to exercise choice within the sports community allows individuals to capitalize on their innate compulsion for competition. At the heart of the comp etition between fans is the loyalty to a certain team. This makes the competitive nature more volatile. This is due to the fact that some teams are better than others and fans continue to jump bandwagons. While each individual possesses the innate compulsion to compete, they have an even harder drive to be a winner. In fact, this lies at the heart of the competitive spirit. Success has been psychologically attached to winning. The more successful a team, the better their fans feel. Individuals tend to make emotional investments into sporting events, whereby the outcome typically draws an emotional reaction from the fan. Beyond the competitive nature of sporting events lies the social component. While some individuals feel the obsessive need to be competitive, others attend events and watch games because it involves a social component. When attending stadium events with tens of thousands of other individuals in attendance it makes the actual experience more involved for the individua ls. These events typically involve drinking and cheering which makes a great time for the fans. As Jean Jacques Rousseau explains, â€Å"man is a social animal.† This means that individuals are inclined to involve themselves in activities that allow them to socialize with their peers. This means that sporting events provide the perfect context. While this does position individuals to collaborate with their peers in cheering for the team of their choice, this does not always turn out to be so

Community Response to a Community Problem Essay Example for Free

Community Response to a Community Problem Essay The youth gang problem in Southern California has reached epidemic proportions, and it calls for immediate action. However, any meaningful response on a social concern must be made with an understanding of the root causes of such an issue. Here we identify possible key causes of gang involvement and draw out implications for possible solutions to the problems involved. The key solutions require going beyond the individual, towards taking community action. Solving Californias gang problem, as in any â€Å"issue† or social problem, would not be easy. As a social problem, it must be studied systematically and would invariably require a social response. This social response means the involvement of many if not all community members, not just those directly concerned with the issue. It also means tapping significant community resources. At a practical level, community response is key as some possible solutions would entail a lot of resources, such as increasing self-esteem among youth at risk, stressing the importance of education, and providing training services. Gangs, Youth, Class and Violence: Reasons to Act Los Angeles County in particular has been called the gang capital of the world. Gang activity in the place accounts for a significant amount of violent crimes with approximately 6617 gang-related crimes committed in 2006 (House of Representatives, 1993). Gang members were believed responsible for 19 percent of the robberies, and 10 percent to 12 percent of the total felonious assaults in the southeast division of Los Angeles (Joint Committee on Organized Crime and Gang Violence). Today, in the City of Los Angeles alone there are more than 250 active gangs with over 26,000 members, while in the entire LA County there are around 950 gangs with more than 100,000 individuals (www. lapdonline. org). The most unfortunate aspect of this development perhaps is that more and more young people are involving themselves in gangs and are being exposed to or are themselves causing a lot of violence. Juvenile offenders are the nations fastest growing crime problem. While adult violent crime rates have remained fairly steady over the past decade, juvenile offenses have soared. It appears that the catalyst for this violence is the presence of gangs in low-income, urban areas. A study by the Office of the Attorney General of the State of California reveals that in 2006 approximately 5,168 arrests were made per 100,000 juveniles (age 10-17) compared to 5,283 arrests per 100,000 adults. (http://ag. ca. gov) In low-income, urban areas of Southern California, much of the increase in youth violence can be traced to gangs, usually in confrontations between rival gang members. As one expert witness has testified, â€Å"Drive-by shootings, turf wars, and homicides are mostly tied to gangs† (http://www. lapdonline. org).

Maxwells Demon - Not a Perpetual Motion Machine :: Physics Essays

Maxwell's Demon - Not a Perpetual Motion Machine Entropy is not a difficult concept to just take at face value, but it is a difficult topic to gain a good understanding of. To do this some background must be given such as the first and second law of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics states that any event that occurs spontaneously must result in an increase in the randomness of lhe syslem. This means that as an ice cube melts the water molecules that it is composed of will progress toward a less ordered arrangement. The leaves that fall from the trees do nol arrange themselves in a pile on the ground because the second law of thermodynamics is against it. Entropy is a concept that most high school chemistry and physics students enjoy learning about because the now have an excuse for having a messy room, they are fighting nature. For a better understanding of the theory of entropy it helps to understand the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it may only change forms. In other words the energy of the universe is constant. For the universe (the ultimate system) to give up energy to increase ordered is not a likely event. Therefore ,for a system, a persons room for example, to become more ordered, energy must be put into the system, cleaning the room. Everything in the universe is governed by entropy through the Gibbs free energy equation which states; the heat content of the system, minus the temperature of the system times the entropy, or randomness will dictate whether the event will be spontaneous. Entropy is actually centered around the probability of an event occurring. The greater the statistical probability of a particular event occurring, the greater the entropy. A good example of this is an experiment with a new deck of playing cards. When the cards are first unwr apped they are arranged in numerical order and according to suit, if the cards are thrown into the air and allowed to fall to the floor. When they are swept up and restacked, we will almost certainly find that the cards have become disordered. We would expect this disordering to occur because there are millions of ways for the cards to become disordered and only one way for them to come together again in their original sequence. Another result of the second law of thermodynamics is that spontaneous changes are always accompanied by a dispersal of energy into a more disordered form.

Nixon’s Policies Versus the Strategies of Cold War

It is at the peak of The Cold War that Richard Nixon assumed his position. He felt the need to change the country’s foreign policy because it is at this time that thousands of American troops were sent to Vietnam. Then, there was a strong urge to win The Cold War over and stop communism at any cost, Nixon rather wants to divert it to another way that points to a productive initiative that basically highlights cooperation. Nixon believed that the only key to a more stable world is a stronger America. He then emphasized the bigger importance of partnership to win back not the war but peace between countries. Nixon even stated to provide shield to those countries in alliance to them in case of nuclear threats. He even said that the United States would also keep its commitments to other nations, as well as manpower to those who needs defense. His strategy turned out to be more civil and diplomatic than that of the heated cold war policies. He engaged more on changing the approach so as to better see the problem and make it into something more favorable to everyone (Nixon's Foreign Policy: A Global Balance Of Power ). Reference Nixon's Foreign Policy: A Global Balance Of Power . (n.d.). Retrieved october tuesday, 2007, from free essays: http://www.freeessays.cc/db/38/pbk80.shtml   

How to Make Sure You Buy the Best Magnifier

After you get a rock hammer—maybe even before—youll need a magnifier. The big Sherlock Holmes type lens is a clichà ©; instead, you want a lightweight, powerful magnifier (also called a loupe) that has impeccable optics and is easy to use. Get the best magnifier for demanding jobs like inspecting gemstones and crystals; in the field, for quick looks at minerals, buy a decent magnifier you can afford to lose. Using a Magnifier Hold the lens up next to your eye, then bring your specimen close to it, only a few centimeters from your face. The point is to focus your attention through the lens, the same way you look through eyeglasses. If you normally wear glasses, you may want to keep them on. A magnifier wont correct for astigmatism. How Many X? The X factor of a magnifier refers to how much it magnifies. Sherlocks magnifying glass makes things look 2 or 3 times bigger; that is, its 2x or 3x. Geologists like to have 5x to 10x, but more than that is hard to use in the field because the lenses are very small. 5x or 7x lenses offer a wider field of vision, while a 10x magnifier gives you the closest look at tiny crystals, trace minerals, grain surfaces, and microfossils. Magnifier Flaws to Watch for Check the lens for scratches. Set the magnifier on a piece of white paper and see if the lens adds color of its own. Now pick it up and examine several objects, including one with a fine pattern like a halftone picture. The view through the lens should be clear as air with no internal reflections. Highlights should be crisp and brilliant, with no colored fringes (that is, the lens should be achromatic). A flat object should not look warped or buckled—move it to and fro to be sure. A magnifier should not be loosely put together. Magnifier Bonuses Given the same X factor, a larger lens is better. A ring or loop to attach a lanyard is a good thing; so is a leather or plastic case. A lens held with a removable retaining ring can be taken out for cleaning. And a brand name on the magnifier, while not always a guarantee of quality, means you can contact the manufacturer. Doublet, Triplet, Coddington Good lensmakers combine two or three pieces of glass to correct for chromatic aberration—what gives an image blurred, colored fringes. Doublets can be quite satisfactory, but the triplet is the gold standard. Coddington lenses employ a deep cut inside the solid glass, using an air gap to create the same effect as a triplet. Being solid glass, they cannot ever come apart—a consideration if you get wet a lot.